Recent Changes

China
{china_map.gif} China Provinces
{800px-Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg.png} China's Current Flag
China after WWI
I. The fall of the Qing Dynasty opened a way for the birth of communistic ideas.
A. Sun Yixian emerged as the new leader.
1. He set up a government with his Goumindang party. This party is also called the Nationalistic Party.
2. He wanted to expel the warlords in southern China, but no western democracies would help.
3. China turned to the Soviet Union and joined forces with a small group of Chinese Communists.
B. Sun died in 1925, and Jiang Jeishi became the new leader of the Guomindang party.
1. Like his predecessor, he was determined to get rid of the warlords.
2. In an attempt to purge China of the warlords,which are called the Southern Expedition, once again Jiang Jeishi united the forces of the Goumindang party and the Communist party.
3. Their expedition carried them all the way to Beijing.
C. The Goumindang went on to create a new government without the Communists.
D. In 1927, Jiang realized that the Communist party was starting to take some of his supporters.
1. He ordered his troops to kill all Communist leaders and supporters.
2. The majority of the slaughter occurred in Shanghai.
3. This event started the long lasting hatred between the Communist party and the Goumindang party.
E. One of the men who escaped the Goumindang was Mao Zedong.
1. Unlike most communists, he believed that they should appeal to the poor people of China.
2. He remained optimistic about the future, even though he was continuously attacked by the Goumindang.
F. Jiang Jeishi was still determined to exterminate the Communists.
1. From 1934 to 1935, he lead a series of attacks on the Communist.
2. The communist started to retreat using a style of warfare called guerilla warfare.
3. The retreat is today known as "The Long March".
4. The Communist rebuilt their base in a northern part of China.
5. On the march, the communists were forced to be very polite and nice to the peasants.
6. This helped them because they started to grow a large base with the poor.
{longmarch_large.jpg}
II. After the Japanese economy declined, Japan was desperate for resources. Because of the discontent of the leading military officials and extreme nationalists, or ultranationalists, Japan set its sights on Manchuria, a Chinese province that was rich in natural resources, and Japanese businesses had already invested there.
A. In 1931, a group of Japanese army officers provoked an incident that provided an excuse to seize Manchuria.
1. The group blew up tracks on a Japanese-owned railroad line. The group claimed that the Chinese had done it.
2. The army attacked Chinese forces; they claimed it was in self-defense.
3. The Japanese military then conquered all of Manchuria and set up a puppet state known as Manzhougo. It did all this without consulting the Japanese government.
4. Politicians in Tokyo objected to the army’s actions, but public opinion sided with the military.
5. The League of Nations condemned Japanese aggression against China. Japan just withdrew from the league.
6. Japan then nullified the agreements limiting naval armament that it had signed with the Western democracies.
7. The Japanese treated the Chinese with great brutality. They killed and tortured these conquered peoples.
8. Many Chinese waged guerilla warfare on the Japanese.
B. Ultranationalists were winning support from the people for foreign conquests and a tough stand against the Western powers. Many politicians and business leaders were assassinated by these ultra nationalists. Military leaders plotted to overthrow the government and, in 1936, occupied the center of Tokyo.
1. The Japanese government, because of the unrest, were forced to accept military domination.
2. Japan revived ancient warrior values and built a cult around Emperor Hirohito, whom many believed was a descendent of the sun goddess.
3. During the 1930s, Japan took advantage of China’s civil war to increase its influence there.
4. In 1939, the two nations were in deadly combat. When the war broke out in Europe, it was swiftly spread into Asia.
5. In 1936, Japan allied with the Axis powers. China subsequently was on the Allies side.
C. In 1937 Japan attacked China once more in the second Sino-Japanese war.
1. Planes bombed many Chinese cities.
2. Japanese troops pushed into eastern China.
3. They overran Beijing and Gaungzhuo.
4. The Chinese government had no choice but to retreat into central China.
5. On December 23, the Japanese reached Nanjing.
6. After chinese troops surrendered the city to Japan, the Japanese killed hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians.
7. This became known as the rape of Nanjing.
8. The Chinese received help from the Soviets, Great Britain, France, and the United states.
9. Although the Goumindang and the Communist disagreed during the time of the second Sino- Japanese war, everything remained relatively peaceful between the two parties.
{783px-Japanese_Occupation_-_Map.jpg}
China after WWII
III. China lay in ruins after WWII ended in 1945.
Chinese WWII Deaths
Wounded
Soldiers Dead
Civilians Dead
1,753,000
1,310,000
1,000,000
IV. The Soviet Union wanted to spread communism in the area. {communism-5705.jpg}
V. Communists took over China in 1949. By the end of WWII, Chinese communists had gained control over much of northern China.
A. Communist forces led by Mao Zedong fought a civil war against nationalists headed by Jiang Jieshi. Defeated nationalists fled to Taiwan. Mao Zedong set up the People’s Republic of China.
1. Mao Zedong triumphed for several reasons.
a. He had won support from China’s large peasant population.
b. The Nationalists had lost popularity because of the economic policies that eventually led to hardship.
c. Communist support in the countryside helped them capture rail lines and surround the Nationalist-held cities.
2. The communists then conquered Tibet in 1950. The Dalai Lama, the most revered religious leader there, was forced to flee the country in 1959.
B. Mao Zedong built a one-party totalitarian state in the People’s Republic of China.
1. The communist government discouraged the practice of Buddhism, Confucianism, and other traditional Chinese beliefs.
2. The government also seized the property of rural landlords and urban business owners throughout China.
3. Many thousand s or middle class people were accused of “counterrevolutionary beliefs, or opposing communism.
4. The Chinese built dams and factories with Soviet help.
5. Mao forced peasants to pool this land in labor in an attempt to increase productivity; he had initially distributed the land fairly.
C. From 1958 to 1960, Mao led a program known as the Great Leap Forward.
1. He created communes, which were typically made of several villages, thousands of acres of land, and up to 25,000 people. These communes set up small-scale “backyard” industries to rpduce steel and other products.
2. The Great Leap Forward proved to be a dismal failure. The backyard industries turned out low- quality goods. The commune farms cut the incentives for individual farmers and families. Between 1959 and 1961, as many as 55 million Chinese are thought to have starved to death.
3. China slowly recovered from the Great Leap Forward by reducing the size of communes and taking a more practical approach to the economy.
{march.jpg} Promotional poster {mao.jpg}
VI. By the late 1960s, China had developed its own nuclear weapons.
VII. The Soviets assisted communist forces in China and Korea.
A. China and the Soviet Union formed an alliance that lasted from 1949 to 1960.
B. Americans feared that communism would spread around the world after China became communist.
China 1980- 2010
VIII. Today, China is a major industrial nation.
A. By 1981, five years after Mao Zedong’s death, Deng Xiaoping had set china on a new path.
1. Deng was a major reformer, but he was more interested in improving the economy than in political purity.
2. Deng’s program, the Four Modernizations, emphasize agriculture, industry, science, and defense.
a. The plan allowed some free market.
b. Communes, or politically owned farms, were also dismantled.
c. Factory managers were given more freedoms, but were expected to run their plants more effectively.
d. Deng also welcomed foreign capital and technology.
e. Investors from Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Western nations invested heavily in Chinese firms.
f. Many Chinese enjoyed a high standard of living after this economic boom.
B. The United States is indebted $877,500,000,000 to mainland China. China produces 40% of the goods imported into the United States.
C. 1.3 billion people live in China today. D. China hosted the summer olympics in 2008. Olympics Opening Stadium
{Chapter 27 section 4 for china .doc}

1950-80
General:
of Britain -October-October 21st 1951
-February 6th 1952 Elizabeth II succeeds George VI
prime minister
1980-modern
General:
Brixton, London -April-April 2nd 1982 defeated shortly. -1985
-1985 35 Italians “British hooligans” -1989-1989 96 football Liverpool stadium. -1990
-1990 Margaret Thatcher is abolished -1991-1991 Britain fights be slaughtered -1997-1997 Britain gives to China. -
- 1997 J.K. a sheep. -1997-1997 Lady Dianna car accident. -1989
-1989 96 football Liverpool stadium. -1999
-1999 Scotland inaugurates own parliament -2001
-2001 Britain fights against Afghanistan -2003-2003 Tony Blair to invade.) -Suicide
-Suicide bombers kill

“They had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war.” – Winston Churchill
{http://sanseverything.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/winston_churchill_01.jpg} Winston Churchill
{England.ppt}
Pre 1920’s:
General:
Key point: Britain shouldn’t have withstood, but they did. So, what happened? First of all, England had a better radar system going for them, so they could give advanced warning to the public before air attacks. England also had two great fighter planes: the Spitfire and the Hurricane from the 1930’s. The final tip was Hitler’s move to go for England: in leaving the RAF alone, they had time to make repairs and regroup before defending London.
Lifestyle: During the blitz and shortly after, food was hard to come by. Germany sunk as many ships going to England as they could, forcing England to adapt the convoy system, where fighter ships would travel alongside cargo ships. Rationing was introduced, which helped greatly, but people still went hungry. Farming rose as famine increased.
German hands.
-September 1941 England bands with Russia to secure the Anglo Iranian oil fields.
-December 7th 1941 Japanese arrive in Malaysia
1950-80
General:
-May 7th 1951 George VI holds the first Festival of Britain -October 21st 1951 Winston Churchill re-elected for prime minister at the age of76
-February 6th 1952 Elizabeth II succeeds George VI
-May 3rd 1979 Margaret Thatcher becomes the first woman to be prime minister
1980-modern
General:
-1981 Racial riots in Brixton, London -April 2nd 1982 Argentina invades the Falkland Islands but are defeated shortly. -1985 35 Italians killed at the Liverpool stadium by “British hooligans” -1989 96 football fans killed at Liverpool stadium. -1990 Margaret Thatcher resigns
-November 8th 1965 the death penalty is abolished -1991 Britain fights with the US against Iraq in the Gulf War
-1996 Mad Cow Disease causes millions of cows to be slaughtered -1997 Britain gives Hong Kong back to China. - 1997 J.K. Rowling writes the first "Harry Potter" book
-1997 British biologist Ian Wilmut clones a sheep. -1997 Lady Dianna dies in a “mysterious” car accident. -1989 96 football fans killed at Liverpool stadium. -1999 Scotland inaugurates its own parliament -2001 Britain fights with the US against Afghanistan -2003 Tony Blair (prime minister) & George W. Bush order the invasion of Iraq to overthrow Sadum Hussein. Tony Blair later admits that Hussein had no weapons of mass destruction (the reason to invade.) -Suicide bombers kill 55 in London

Mexico-
{mexico-country-600x450.gif}{Mexico power point.ppt}
hey!!
1920- On April 8, 1920, a campaign for Obregon (a candidate in the next election) attempted to assassinate Carranza, the current president of Mexico. After the failed attempt, Carranza was forced to leave Mexico City. He set out towards Veracruz but was betrayed and assasinated in Tlaxtalcongo in the sierra Norte de Puebla by the forces of General Rodolfo Herrero, supporter of Carranza's former allies, on May 21, 1920. This was a bad start for Mexico in the twentieth century
1968 - Student demonstration in Tlatelolco, Mexico City, during the Olympic Games is fired upon by Mexican security forces. Hundreds of protestors are killed or wounded. The extent of the violence shocks the country. While at the time, government support and official media in Mexico claimed that government forces had been aggrivated by protesters shooting at them, much later official documents were found showing that the snipers had in fact been members of the Presidential Guard. The death toll remains uncertain: official government estimates place the deathtoll at 30, while some estimates place it in the thousands. Most sources, however, report between 200 and 300 deaths. The exact number of people arrested is also debated, but commonly estimated at over 1,000.
{6a00d8341c630a53ef0105351f5fff970c-800wi.jpg}
is suppressed.
1968 - Student demonstration in Tlatelolco, Mexico City, during the Olympic Games is fired upon by Mexican security forces. Hundreds of protestors are killed or wounded. The violence shocks the country.
1976 - Huge offshore oil reserves discovered; the Cantarell field becomes the main part of Mexico's oil production.

Second, as France was competing against other European powers for economic and military superiority, they wanted to secure more strategic geographic positions to promote their international trade and capitalism.
Finally, the Vietnamese leadership could not decide whether it was best for the country to remain strictly Confucianist and isolated or to begin modernizing. These all led to Napoleon III's order for his navy to invade Vietnam in July 1857.
French rulers.
The Treaty of Saigon: This treaty gave control of southern Vietnam to France, which was then renamed Cochinchina.
In the year 1863, the governor of Cochinchina, Admiral de la Grandiere forced the Cambodian emperor to accept their dominion over the country.
• During the period: learned a considerable amount about military tactics
• After bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki= Japanese surrender
• August 1945-Vietnam in a good position to take over the control of the country
• September 1945 Vietnam established the “Democratic Republic of Vietnam”
• France refused to recognize the Democratic Republic of Vietnam that’s been declared by Ho Chi Minh
Q3 What were the Vietminh?
Fighting broke out - French troops vs. Vietminh
Current Issues of Vietnam:
A Doctor relives fall of Saigon
Saigon, who relivesrelived one of

Second, as France was competing against other European powers for economic and military superiority, they wanted to secure more strategic geographic positions to promote their international trade and capitalism.
Finally, the Vietnamese leadership could not decide whether it was best for the country to remain strictly Confucianist and isolated or to begin modernizing. These all led to Napoleon III's order for his navy to invade Vietnam in July 1857.
western invaders, its leaders had little choice but to sign apeacein 1862, the Vietnam king “Tu Dac” signed a treaty with France in 1862.
Thethe French rulers.
The Treaty of of southern Viet NamVietnam to France, renamed Cochinchina.
In the year 1863, the governor of Cochinchina, Admiral de la Grandiere forced the Cambodian emperor to accept their dominion over the country.
In late 1884, a huge number of French troops had already conquered several places in Vietnam.
Vietnam officially became a French colony, known as Indochina
The most significant change during the French dominion in Vietnam was the development in the education system. Vietnam under French rule witnessed huge economic growth in plantation with the export of indigo, tea, coffee and tobacco. During the French rule in Vietnam, much emphasis was laid on the adoption of Christianity and Western style education.
Read more: http://www.asian-nation.org/colonialism.shtml#ixzz0mPQan9pP
Q1 Why did the French invade Vietnam?

Second, as France was competing against other European powers for economic and military superiority, they wanted to secure more strategic geographic positions to promote their international trade and capitalism.
Finally, the Vietnamese leadership could not decide whether it was best for the country to remain strictly Confucianist and isolated or to begin modernizing. These all led to Napoleon III's order for his navy to invade Vietnam in July 1857.
to sign aProxy-Connection: keep-alive%Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 Cache-Control: max-age=0 oxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 0peaceapeace treaty with
The Treaty of Saigon: This treaty gave control of southern Viet Nam to France, which was then renamed Cochinchina.
Vietnam officially became a French colony, known as Indochina
• Scared to return to Vietnam because of French, lived in China at Vietnam’s border
Q2 What inspired Ho Chi Minh to become involve in communism?
Viet Minh defeatdefeated the Japanese:
Viet Minh guerrillas harassed Japanese troops in the jungles and to help rescue downed American pilots.
March 9, 1945 - Amid rumors of a possible American invasion, Japanese oust the French colonial government which had been operating independently and seize control of Vietnam, installing Bao Dai as their puppet ruler.
• France refused to recognize the Democratic Republic of Vietnam that’s been declared by Ho Chi Minh
Q3 What were the Vietminh?
Another fight, this time it was WAR. War Broke out-Fighting broke out - French troops
May 1954, French defeated in the North, and in the South, they didn’t want to be apart of the pro-communist system
• US got involved (feared communism would spread throughout Asia)
in the South; ...South
• Divided by the 17th parallel of latitude-(look at map)- (south supported by US and north supported by Russia and China)
“Geneva Peace Accord”
IN 1973, the US withdrew from the war
reasons why:
in America.
-Restrictions
-Restrictions placed by for victory.
-U.S.
-U.S. leaders underestimated the enemy.
The Vietnam War continued: This part of the war focused on the tensions between North and South Vietnam.
North Vietnam under control of Ho Chi Minh