Sabrina+Chin+and+Burkey+Koontz

= =

한국




 * Japan Invasion**

- Japan came in 1910 - Humiliated by West, wanted to prove its power and worth by capturing Korea. - In treaty of Kwanghwa, 1876, Japan got extraterritoriality, and open ports. - Koreans looked at as “uncivilized”. - Treated natives terribly when they invaded


 * Loss of culture**

- Loss of language - Japanese name, must only speak Japanese - Tae Shin Dahl and Comfort Women - Bowing to Japanese king


 * 1919 March 1st movement (Samil Movement)**

- Koreans protest the unfair treatment towards Koreans by Japanese, giving examples of discrimination or just outright abuse. - Leaders of movement read Korean Declaration of Independence. Contacted Japanese king and told him of their declaration of independence. - Before formal declaration, Koreans aired complaints on the media. - All over country at 2 PM Koreans read declaration of independence - Japanese massacred about 7000 people that day o Burning church


 * World War II**

- Soviet Union declared war on Japan true to its pact with the Allies, and invaded Japanese controlled Manchuria while Japan was battling a long drawn out war with allies and US. After the bombing on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan unconditionally surrendered. - Japan stripped of any territories acquired since 1894, so Korea became free.


 * Cold War**

- Around 1947, US democrats were against Russian Communists. - China became a communist nation, which scared the US by the sheer size of both countries. - After World War II, Korea north of the 38th parallel were occupied by Soviets, and south of the parallel occupied by America. - North adopted communism, and south became democratic.


 * Korean War

**

- First important armed conflict of the Cold War. - 1950 North attacked south to make all of Korea a communist regime. - South turned to America for help, North turned to China. o UN forces are formed with General Douglass MacArthur as Commander - Bloody, brutal war, which lasted for 3 years until ceasefire in 1953. o 3 million Koreans, one million Chinese, and 54,000 Americans killed. - Korea reached truce, with North and South being divided on 38th parallel. (DMZ)




 * HISTORY OF SOUTH KOREA**


 * First Republic of South Korea**

- In 1948 the First Republic of South Korea was born, with **Syngman Rhee** becoming first president of South Korea. o Wanted to remove communism. - Elections were highly corrupt. o March 15th 1960 a protest started against electoral corruption in Masan. Lights were shut off and police started shooting into crowd. Later found out that they shot to kill. o Masan incident: Student found dead by a tear gas shell in demonstrations against elections. (Kim Ju-Yul) - April 19th movement: Student and workers against electoral corruption. - Rhee was exiled to Hawaii. - **Lee Ki Poong** blamed for most of corruption in government. (Rhee’s vice president) Whole family committed suicide after April revolution. - Ended First Republic.

**Second Republic**

- After student revolution the Democratic Party gained power and the Second Republic was born. - South Korea turned to cabinet system instead of presidential system for first and only time. o **Yun Bo-Seon** was elected President in 1960. - Large amount of political activity came about, that had been suppressed during Rhee’s reign. - Government was very instable, high amount of unemployment rate. - In 1961, General **Park Chung-Hee** put end to Second Republic.


 * Third-Fifth Republic**

- Park was elected president from 1967, and re-elected in 1971. - South Korea began to take more of a role in international relations during Third Republic. Close ties with US and got large amount of $ for aid. o Korea joined Vietnam War, sending 300,000 soldiers out. - Economy grew. - On December 6, 1971, Park declared state of national emergency, announcing plans the following year for reunification with North Korea. Ended National Assembly and declared Martial law (military dictatorship) in 1972. - Fourth Republic was led by Park, and adopted the Yusin Constitution, giving Park control of parliament. (Essentially a legal dictatorship, and allowing him to stay in power for 6 years with no need for re-election.) Met with protests, which led Park to jail hundreds of protesters. - Saw dramatic economic growth. - Park Chung-Hee was assassinated, ending 4th Republic in 1979. - After assassination, huge protests started trying to end authoritative rule. - **Choi Kyu-hah** became 4th president. Promised democratic elections. - **Chun Doo-Hwan** ends Fourth Republic. (took over military after accusing old generals of assassination.) - On May 18- May 27, 1980, uprising in city of Gwangju started. Citizens rose up against Hwan’s military dictatorship, in the Gwangju Democratization Movement. - Most protesters were students or labor workers, death toll of the Gwangju massacre are not sure, but approximately 150 civilians killed, and more injured. - Public outrage over deaths paved way for first democratic elections in 1987.


 * Sixth Republic of Korea (Present)**

- In 1987 **Roh Tae-woo**, one of Chun Doo-Hwan's collegue, was elected president. - 1993 **Kim Young-Sam** first elected civilian president in 30 years. - Country suffered financial crisis in 1997, but made a solid recovery. - S. Korea kept trying to democratize its political processes, in the same year Kim Dae-Jung was elected. - Kim Dae-Jung pursued “Sunshine Policy” trying to reconcile with North Korea, which ended in summit talk with N. Korea leader Kim Jung Il. o Kim Dae-Jung got Noble Peace prize in 2000 for this. o However, Sunshine policy received accusations of corruption, and Roh Moo-Hyun was elected in 2002. - Roh Moo-Hyun was later thought to be corrupt, and was impeached. Later committed suicide by jumping off cliff in 2009. Lee Myung-Back took over, and is now president.




 * South Korean influence**

- Several huge businesses have come out of Korea. o Samsung o LG o Kia Moters o Hyundai


 * North Korea

Propaganda: http://calitreview.com/875 **


 * Rule of Kim Il-sung

"Great Leader" or "Eternal President" **

- Soviet backed leadership is installed in the form of Kim Il-sung part of North Korea's Communist Party in 1946.

- Introduced 'juche' or self reliance as the philosophy of North Korea. 1. "independence in politics" 2. "self-sustenance in the economy" 3. "self-defense in national defense"

- Kim Jong-il spoke about the practical application of Juche in //On the Juche Idea // : 1. The people must have independence in thought and politics, economic self sufficiency, and self-reliance in defense. 2. Policy must reflect the will and aspirations of the masses and employ them fully in revolution and construction. 3. Methods of revolution and construction must be suitable to the situation of the country. 4. The most important work of revolution and construction is molding people ideologically as communists and mobilizing them to constructive action.

- A command economy was put into place in 1946. 70% of industry under state control. Now almost everything is under state control. - Part of the economic change included collective farming, which fell through in the 1990s leading to widespread famine. - North Korea focused on heavy industry,state infrastructure, and military strength. Consumer goods were neglected within the economy. - After the Korean War, the economy began to slow down. North Korea could not keep up with technological advances. Huge debts were created and the well being of the people dropped. - Kim Il-sung died in 1994. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbM8Iu-547k&feature=related




 * Rule of Kim Jong-il

"Dear Leader" **

- Standard of living for 23 million people started to drop. - 600,000 - 900,000 people dead in large scale famine from 1996 to 1999. Cause is because of state bankruptcy. - Fourth of GDP is spent on armaments. Nearly all 18-30 year males stay in uniform and do not contribute to the economy. - Now dependent on international food aid. More than 13 million people (over half the population) suffer from malnutrition. - Since 1997, illegal emigration to China has seen a steady flow of people. - Announced in 2005 that North Korea has nuclear weapons. - 2008 Kim Jong-il had a stroke and is thought to announce one of his three sons as the next leader. - 2009 announced that the second nuclear test had been successful.


 * Life in North Korea**

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJ6E3cShcVU -Mass Games - "Selected Ones" who speak to tourists. Must put leaders in good light, and if not, put into labor camps. - Attribute godly powers to leaders. Can control the weather and created the world. - Korean War museum attributes Americans starting the war. They victimize themselves.




 * Song of Kim Il-sung**

Changbai Mountains roll, stained with blood Long Yalu River meanders, soaked in blood Today Free Chosons wreath of glories Radiates its holy rays around Vast snowy fields of Manchuria please tell me Endless night deep in the Taiga please tell me Immortal guerilla warrior, who is he? Outstanding patriot, who is it? Liberator of the working people, our savior dear The great sun of the new Chosŏn, democratic and free. For we all rally around the 20 Principles, Throughout North Korea, spring has come at last! Refrain Oh- Our brilliant and beloved General dear Oh- Our exalted leader General Kim Il-sung


 * Modern Events between North and South (2010)**

- South Korean military ship sank in an explosion on March 26th near North Korean waters. S. President suspects it to have been bombed from an outside source, but won’t mention North Korean by name. o 46 sailors either dead or missing. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/world/asia/27korea.html?scp=3&sq=north+korea&st=nyt - After South declared it an “external cause”, North Koreans denied any involvements, going so far as saying South Koreans “fabricated” the cause, and “This is all a plot against North Korea”. - South Korean news/media are already pondering a retaliation. - Before sinkage, Mr Lee was seeking a summit meeting with Kim Jong Il supposedly, and if North Korea are found as the cause for the explosion, if Mr. Lee acts weakly it’ll look bad for him. o Already Mr. lee vows to find culprit and respond “resolutely and unwaveringly”.



- On April 23, North Korea seized five buildings owned by South Korea but located on North Korean territory. o Kum gang san mountain - North korea additionally called South Korean president a “traitor” and accused him of ruining N. Koreas most important holiday, Kim Il-Sung’s birthday. o Spent thousands of money on fireworks. - North Korea said they took the resort because South Korea stopped the tourism to the resort until N. Koreans agreed on an investigation for a shooting of a tourist in 2008. (compensate loss.)


 * Modern Conflict with Japan**

- Sea of Japan = East Sea - Dockdo is rock belonging to Koreans, located in East Sea o Records from 1450 show it's Koreans, and Japan used to teach up till 1850s that it was Koreans land. - Recently Japan now has claimed Dockdo as there's, calling it Takesima and putting in there text books that it's there's.